Joseph Beuys (*1921 in Krefeld / Germany, †1986 in Düsseldorf) coined the term “social sculpture.” He followed an expanded concept of art as a productive force for reshaping society. Film and video predominantly served to document his actions, which he saw as acts of self-healing and social transformation. In the role of a modern shaman, Beuys performed specially-invented mythical rituals in which each element was given a unique symbolic character.